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Paragon Rising Above the Madness By Rick Reilly of Sports Illustrated - March 2000 BACK
Irreducible Complexity As it turns out, even the smallest cells are extremely complex. They have the ability to eat, breath, feel, see, reproduce and a myriad of other functions common to complex organisms like humans and jellyfish. What is more intriguing is that, even at the cellular level, there exists "irreducible complexity". And what does mean you ask? For evolution to work, it relies on minute changes happening over thousands (or millions) of generations over millions of years. Irreducible complexity means there are systems even in cells that are so complex that they simply won’t work unless all their component parts are present and working as they should. Consider the flagellum of a bacterial cell. The flagellum is a rotary propeller device that allows bacteria to move. The flagellum essentially hooks into an organic rotor drive that causes it to rotate in the same way a weedeater does. Thousands of scientific papers have been written on this subject but not one has ever been published explaining how such a machine could develop under gradual evolution. Irreducible complexity is the real sticking point in evolution and there are untold numbers of examples that confirm it exists. Size clearly has little to do with complexity. Since evolution can’t account for irreducible complexity, there must be another answer. What would you say to someone that said your CD player built itself? "Fool!" you’d say. "Everyone knows that CD players are designed by engineers and manufactured under strictly controlled conditions. Even I don’t understand how they work!" Well, a bacterial cell is far more complex than any CD player ever built and it replicates itself! If you can’t imagine the natural evolution of a relatively simple machine like a CD player, how could something infinitely more complex like a bacteria perform that miracle? And if the evolution of a single cell can’t be scientifically proven, how did all the species evolve that depend on that starting point? Exactly. Our world, indeed universe, screams intelligent design. Where there is intelligent design, there must be a designer of supreme intelligence and power. Since the origins of those designs are beyond our understanding, so is the designer. But I’m okay with that. It gives me comfort to know there is a power holding it all together for me. It helps me sleep a lot better. For more on this, read Darwin’s Black Box by Michael J. Behe. BACK
How Do You
Know? The first way to know something is through personal experience. You know your living room is painted green because you’ve been there and saw it. Similarly, you know what a bird is and how to get to the mall, all by direct experience. The second way to know things is by authority. That is, you rely on some source of information, believing it to be reliable, when you have no personal experience of your own. Most people believe the earth goes around the sun even though no one can really detect the motion. Many people believe democracy is superior to other forms of government even though they haven’t lived under any other type. They rely on the authority of textbooks and politicians. Of course other societies do the same and their defenders rely on authority too. You know the way to San Jose because you can consult a map that informs the way. But how about those Eagles? How do you know they are going to win this year? You are not basing it on their recent record which has been abysmal. In fact, you don’t know that they are going to win. "Knowing" in this sense is just a figure of speech. You can also know by faith. This means you know that there is a power that is in control of processes and events that you can’t comprehend. Is this form of knowing blind or uninformed? It can be. Taking someone’s word for the inexplicable without question or reflection can lead to tragic results like the Heaven’s Gate cult of 1997, the Branch Davidians of 1993 and the Jonestown mass suicide in 1978. Even faith should be based on reason and empirical evidence. Blind faith relies on the integrity of others that "interpret" it. All too often that integrity is lacking and self servers lead the blind faithful off the edge. So really knowing what you know takes careful consideration. Do you know because you really know or do you know because you have blindly taken someone’s word for it? One thing is clear: The universe is immense, yet carefully crafted. We live in a complex matrix of cause and effect. Those that claim to understand it, know very little and those that admit they know very little are wise beyond measure. Excerpts taken from Darwin’s Black Box by Michael Behe. BACK
Less Stress is Best Ever feel like your life and schedule are out of control? You can’t eliminate stress, but you can manage it. Jesus experienced huge stress and pressure, yet it didn’t seem to disturb his peace of mind. His life reflected a calm sense of balance. What was his secret? Know who you are. Eighteen times, Jesus publicly defined himself. There was no doubt in his mind who he was. If you’re unsure of your identity, you’ll allow others to pressure you into their molds. Trying to be someone you’re not causes stress. Know who you want to please. You can’t please everyone. Jesus never let fear of rejection manipulate him. No one can pressure you without your permission. Set clear goals. Jesus said, "I know where I came from and where I’m going." Preparation prevents pressure while procrastination produces it. Focus on one thing at a time. Jesus knew how to handle interruptions without being distracted from his primary goal. Don’t try to do everything yourself. Jesus enlisted twelve disciples. Don’t allow perfectionism, or the fear that others may do a better job, keep you from involving others in the task. Make a habit of reflection. No matter how busy he got, Jesus found time to be alone. A Quiet Time is a great stress decompression chamber. Take time to enjoy life. Balance is the key to stress management. By Rick Warren - Author of The Purpose Driven Life BACK
Does Evil Exist?
The professor answered, "If God created
everything, then God created evil. Since evil exists and our works define who
we are, then God is evil." The young man replied, "In fact, sir, cold does not exist. According to the laws of physics, what we consider cold is really the absence of heat. Absolute Zero (-460 degrees F) is the total absence of heat. At that temperature, all matter becomes inert. We use the word "cold" only to describe how we feel if we have no heat. The student continued. "Professor, does darkness exist?" The professor responded, "Of course it does." The student replied, "Once again you are
wrong. Darkness does not exist either. Light we can study, but not darkness.
We can use a prism to break white light into many colors and study the
wavelengths of each color. But darkness can’t be measured. A dark space is
defined by the amount of light that is present. So "darkness" is a term used
to describe what happens when there is no light present." The professor responded, "Of course. We
see it every day. It is the evidence of man's inhumanity to man. It is proven
by crime and violence everywhere in the world. These manifestations are
nothing else but evil."
The Dollar Bill On the front of the bill is the United States Treasury Seal. On the top is the scales for a balanced budget. In the center is a carpenter's square, a tool used for an even cut. Underneath is the Key to the United States Treasury. On the reverse side are two circles which together, comprise the Great Seal of the United States. The First Continental Congress requested that a committee which included Benjamin Franklin design a Seal. It took them four years to accomplish this task and another two years to get it approved. In the left-hand circle is a Pyramid. The Pyramid is uncapped, signifying that America is not finished. Inside the capstone is an All-Seeing Eye, an ancient symbol for divinity. It was Franklin's belief that one man couldn't do it alone, but with the help of God, all was possible. "IN GOD WE TRUST" appears on the bill. "ANNUIT COEPTIS" appears above the pyramid and is Latin for, "God has favored our undertaking." The Latin inscription below the pyramid, "NOVUS ORDO SECLORUM", means, "a new order has begun." At the base of the pyramid is the Roman Numeral for 1776. The Bald Eagle was selected as a symbol for victory because he is not afraid of a storm and he wears no crown that would suggest royalty (remember King George?). At the top of the shield is a white bar signifying Congress, a unifying factor. In the Eagle's beak are the words "E PLURIBUS UNUM," meaning, "one nation from many people." Above the Eagle, you have thirteen stars, representing the thirteen original colonies. The Eagle holds an olive branch and arrows in his talons which symbolizes that "we want peace but are ready to fight". The philosophical and historical significance of the Dollar Bill should never be forgotten. It epitomizes core American beliefs. Some veterans have given up too much to ever let the meaning fade. Some veterans have come home to an America that didn't care. Too many veterans never came home at all. Remember the lessons and honor those that protect our freedom. BACK
Noah Good One? 1. Don't miss the boat. The
Cracked Pot For years, this went on daily with the woman bringing home only one and a half pots of water. The perfect pot was proud of its accomplishments. The poor cracked pot was ashamed of its own imperfection and miserable that it could only do half of what it had been made to do. After what the cracked pot viewed to be bitter failure, it spoke to the woman: "I am ashamed of myself because this crack in my side causes water to leak out all the way to your house." The old woman smiled, "Did you notice that there are flowers on your side of the path, but not on the other pot’s side? I have always known about your flaw so I planted flower seeds on your side of the path, and every day while we walk back, you water them. Because of this, I have been able to pick these beautiful flowers to decorate the table. Without you being just the way you are, there would not be this beauty to grace the house." Like the cracked pot, we all have flaws. But it’s the cracks and flaws that make our lives together so very interesting and rewarding. BACK I
Am A Corporal With each subsequent failure to move the immense timber, the corporal's commands became more and more severe. A superior officer passing by observed the efforts of the men and the sharp commands of the corporal. He rode up to them, dismounted, and lent his own strength to the task, lifting with the men. When the timber was in place, the officer asked the corporal why he did not help with the task. "Why, I am a Corporal," he replied. "And I am a General," responded George Washington. BACK
Not So Fast The priest eyed him for a minute and then replied, "My son, it's caused by loose living, drunkenness, contempt for your fellow man, sleeping around and failure to bathe." The drunk muttered in response, "Well, I'll be damned," then returned to his paper. The priest, thinking about what he had said, nudged the man and apologized. "I'm very sorry, my son. I didn't mean to come on so strong. How long have you had arthritis?" The drunk answered, "I don't have it, Father. I was just reading here that the Pope does." MORAL: Make sure you understand the question before offering the answer. BACK
Pauses Between the Notes Given such clear-cut differences, it seems ironic that opinions should so often be mistaken for wisdom. Perhaps part of the reason is that as information increases, it overwhelms us. Making use of the information we need to form sound thinking takes time—time we often don’t seem to have. The frantic pace of our lives therefore encourages us to elevate the value of opinions. Time and information have become our enemies. Without the time to think about the onslaught of information that is paraded before us each day, we have become, by and large, what social psychologists call cognitive misers, preferring emotional reactions and one-dimensional opinions to considered examination. While these mental shortcuts can help us reduce our complex world to something more manageable, they can also result in critical errors in thought and behavior. The consequences can be monumental, both for individuals and in the collective lives of organizations, communities and nations. The pressure of this challenging situation has created a society that encourages decisive and sometimes dismissive thinking; a society drawn to sound bites, summaries, and the plausible opinions of others. But information needs context—the context that only critical, reflective thinking can bring. The persistent nature of this problem is suggested by a comment attributed to U.S. President Calvin Coolidge: "Some people are suffering from lack of work, some from lack of water, many more from lack of wisdom." James Howell, a 17th-century writer, put it even more simply: "Some are wise, and some are otherwise." Most people would agree that we need more wisdom, but as already noted, it does not come naturally to us. If it did, we would all have it. So how do we gain wisdom? The answer will help us better define this elusive quality. Opening the loop. We might think that with adulthood would come wisdom, but this is not automatic. When people are not trained to think or encouraged to grow up, it isn’t uncommon for them to get stuck somewhere between childhood and adulthood, functioning as adults yet holding on to the childish belief that the world revolves around them. With adulthood should come the understanding that the world is not how we first imagined it. Specifically, it is not about us. Chronically self-centered people cannot be wise; their outlook is too narrow. Selfish people are closed-looped in their thinking, and closed-loop thinking perpetuates immaturity, often leading to frustration, shallowness and misplaced anger. The selfish let in little that would conflict with their view of the world. Lacking the perspective that an outward-looking person possesses, they can’t perceive reality. The selfish see life and situations only as they affect themselves. Thus their actions and thinking tend to be unreasonable—and short on wisdom. Isn’t it time we all deepened our perspectives and brought some form of balance into our lives? We must rescue ourselves from superficiality and the automatic thinking that blindly guides us. Adulthood is about growing up and looking at things differently. It is only with the expanding perspective that maturity brings that we can begin to develop wisdom. Wisdom in the balance. Sometimes we confuse not only opinions but intelligence for wisdom. It’s easy to assume that abundant knowledge results in wisdom. But wisdom is not knowledge. Yale University professor Robert Sternberg suggests in Why Smart People Can Be So Stupid that foolishness (defined as the opposite of wisdom) "often results from knowledge acquisition gone awry or poorly utilized." He suggests that foolishness is the result of a lack of balance in our thinking. Wisdom requires that we balance "intrapersonal, interpersonal, and extrapersonal interests of the short and long term. . . . Foolishness always involves interests going out of balance." While this formula can be easily stated, it requires time and practice to make it a part of our thinking. As German novelist Hermann Hesse said, "Knowledge can be communicated, but not wisdom." We do not gain wisdom from reading a book. On the other hand, we can begin to develop it from the knowledge gained from careful observation of the lives of others, from critical examination of our own life, and from purposeful meditation. It’s how we connect and employ knowledge that counts. Wisdom is what makes knowledge effective. Without it we cannot benefit from what we know. Wisdom seeks to know how life works. It can provide us with the moral direction to determine specific actions. It is concerned with consequences. More specifically, it seeks to know what is right. Thus, the means to the end are critical. It might be stated that the ultimate goal of wisdom is to help us make better choices and, by our example, to encourage others to do the same. This is why understanding consequences is so important. We cannot circumvent cause-and-effect. Sternberg reveals that one reason smart people are sometimes inexplicably stupid is that they think they have overcome the problem of consequences. Cause-and-effect, however, rules our lives, so we would be wise to be guided by it. As American essayist Norman Cousins put it, "Wisdom consists of the anticipation of consequences." A word from the wise. How do we use our knowledge to create more than mere opinions? How does our thinking become wise? This is a problem with moral and ethical implications. With so many counterfeits of wisdom in our culture today, the search for this vital quality becomes even harder. It might be wise to look at what King Solomon had to say about wisdom. After all, he has been called the wisest man who ever lived. He certainly was a powerful man—not only a king but also a successful entrepreneur, businessman and patron of the arts. He had a trading company with its own network of shipping lines that some speculate was worldwide. In addition, Solomon was a real estate magnate. He undertook the greatest building program his nation had ever seen. He even built an extensive system for bringing water into his thirsty, growing capital, Jerusalem. Under Solomon, money and finance were introduced into society like never before. Israel was obsessed with them. Jerusalem was a thriving cosmopolitan marketplace. If a man like this were to write a book today, it would be an instant best-seller. Fortunately for us, Solomon did write a book: the book of Ecclesiastes in The Bible. By paraphrasing his words and so summarizing this book, we can put in a nutshell the most important lesson he learned. He wisely began by observing that there is nothing new under the sun. We know from other literature and from history itself that there are recurring themes in life and that only the players change. Solomon continued with some thoughts on the attainment of wisdom. "I thought that maybe money was everything," he said. "But money isn’t so great. You spend all your life accumulating money and things, but you’re never satisfied; and when you die, you can’t take it with you. Worst of all, after working all your life, you don’t know whether the person you leave it to will be a fool and squander everything you built—your life’s work down the drain." He went on to comment: "You may think climbing the ladder is great, but it’s not so great. There’s always someone above you." "So," he continued, "I tried women. I tried food. I had all the best entertainment. But these things aren’t the best things about life." He described a world turned upside down, where things made no sense and common sense wasn’t so common. Sounds familiar. By the end of the book he revealed, "Finally, I discovered what the best thing about life is." He then boiled down all of his experience to one thought: "After all my observing, trying, testing and sampling of everything that life has to offer, I learned that the best thing about life is to fear God and keep his commandments." That’s it, simplistic though it might sound. In this world of complex questions, we may not feel we’ve got the real thing unless the answers are also complex. Search for Truth. If we could see the end of all things, we would be considered all-knowing and all-wise. This would require, of course, a perspective nothing short of superhuman. In that we are human, such a perspective is something we can only hope to approach, but perspective is the key. Wisdom requires a higher perspective. When life is viewed from a higher perspective, above the self, we can see that wisdom is not in the details. Psychologist William James reminds us that "the art of being wise is the art of knowing what to overlook." Concert pianist Artur Schnabel was once asked how he was able to handle musical notes so beautifully. "The notes I handle no better than many pianists. But the pauses between the notes—ah, that is where the art resides." To gain wisdom we must look at the spaces between events. Only then does a meaningful, complete picture emerge. Wisdom is a quality of mind, a way of looking at life. It is to see life both horizontally and vertically. It is equally to see the holes between the threads in the fabric of life. As we look deeper we see that all life is connected to everything else. That, in turn, causes us to take in more, to see more widely. Wisdom requires that we arrange what we observe and know, and create meaning from it. It embodies the kind of integrative thinking that can successfully guide and direct our lives. Think about it. Of necessity, this is a process that takes time and thought. Coming to understand how a principle connects to events and the resulting consequences is key. The concern is that knowledge is increasing faster than man is able to think about it. Could we destroy life as we know it before we even realize that it’s happening? Acquiring wisdom is a lengthy process. Wisdom is cumulative and, like trust, is a matter of degrees. It recognizes and magnifies the interconnectedness of everything. The correct connections can be made when they are grounded in a right foundation. By understanding or knowing God, we are able to make the connections that the attainment of wisdom requires. Wisdom is a personal quest that must be based on the right perspective. Knowing where wisdom begins is the first step. By Michael McKinney BACK
Calling It Like It Is The only asset he had when he died was the house where he lived in Independence Missouri. His wife had inherited the house from her parents. Other than their years in the White House, they lived there their entire. When he retired from office in 1952, his income was a U.S. Army pension of $1351 a year. Congress, in 1958 enacted the Former Presidents Act later granting a pension of $25,000 per year which he collected until he died. NOTE: Effective in 2012, the pension is $199,700 a year and also includes medical benefits, lifetime Secret Service protection and $96,000 a year for staff and office expenses. After President Eisenhower was inaugurated, Harry and Bess drove home to Missouri by themselves. There was no Secret Service following them. When offered corporate positions at large salaries, he declined, stating, "I turned down all of those offers. I knew that they were not interested in hiring Harry Truman, the person, but what they wanted to hire was the former President of the United States. I could never lend myself to any transaction, however respectable, that would commercialize on the prestige and the dignity of the office of the Presidency." In May 6, 1971, the House of Representatives was considering awarding him the Congressional Medal of Honor. He refused to accept it maintaining that the Medal of Honor was for combat bravery and that changing the requirements in his case would detract from the merit of the award. He further wrote, "I don't consider that I have done anything which should be the reason of any award, Congressional or otherwise." Today, some in Congress have found ways to cash in on the Presidency. Many have become quite wealthy. Political offices are now for sale. Harry Truman was correct when he observed, "My choices in life were either to be a piano player in a whore house or a politician. And to tell the truth, there's hardly any difference!" BACK
Wisdom Lost in Knowledge From the beginning of time man has been trying to make sense of himself and his world. He has been seeking understanding. But as time marches on, man isn't getting the understanding he seeks, he isn't happier, and he hasn't been able to conquer his own nature. What's wrong? With all the great minds and thinking that have gone before us, with all the lessons of history left for us to examine, it is difficult to imagine why we aren't further along than we are. Why are we asking the same questions in our search for meaning, the Greeks were asking 2600 years ago. Do we not yet have enough information available to us? We now live in a world where we are inundated with more information, on a daily basis, than we can possibly process. It is an over-communicated environment. There are so many unwanted messages bombarding us, that often the ones we want get lost in the noise. The average person can now communicate faster, with more people—without thinking—than ever before. Information has become disposable. It doesn't matter whether you are connected to the Internet or not. We get hit with it at every turn. At work. At home as we try to relax. And at all points in between. So what about it? What are we doing with this information? Is all this information really doing us any good? Are we living happier lives? Are we experiencing fewer problems? Are our decisions better? Are we any wiser? History tells us that we haven't learned much in spite of all we know. The situation changes, but the problems remain the same. Clearly, we need to do something better with all of this information. T.S. Eliot posed the question: "Where is the wisdom we have lost in knowledge? Where is the knowledge we have lost in information?" In a day and age where the number one shows are sitcoms and we commonly find best sellers written by those on the fringe of society, we are clearly in need of better thinking. We need wisdom. By Michael McKinney www.FoundationsMagazine.com BACK |
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